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Table 2 Organoids of different organs being used for studying infectious diseases

From: Organoid based personalized medicine: from bench to bedside

Organoid

Brain

Liver

Intestine

Stomach

Gallbladder

Kidney

Respiratory Tract

Head and Neck

Pathogen

Virus

Zika virus

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)

Human Norovirus (HuNoV)

—

 

BK virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

HSV1

Japanese encephalitis virus

—

Rotavirus

—

 

—

Influenza virus

HPV

—

—

SARS-CoV-2

—

 

—

Enterovirus 71 (EV71)

 

Bacterium

—

—

Salmonella typhi (S. typhi)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

Salmonella

—

—

 

—

—

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)

—

 

—

—

 

Parasite

—

Plasmodium

Cryptosporidium

—

 

—

Cryptosporidium

 

Source

PSCs

PSCs & ASCs

PSCs & ASCs

PSCs & ASCs

ASCs

ASCs

PSCs & ASCs

ASCs

Reference

(Cugola et al. 2016;Dang et al. 2016;Gabriel et al. 2017;Garcez et al. 2016;Wells et al. 2016;Xu et al. 2016)

(Chua et al. 2019;Ng et al. 2015;Nie et al. 2018)

(Engevik et al. 2015;Ettayebi et al. 2016;Finkbeiner et al. 2012;Forbester et al. 2015;Heo et al. 2018;Lamers and Beumer 2020;Ramani and Atmar 2014;Yin et al. 2015)

(Bartfeld et al. 2015;Huang et al. 2015a;McCracken et al. 2014;Schlaermann et al. 2016)

(Scanu et al. 2015)

(Schutgens et al. 2019)

(Heo et al. 2018;Hui et al. 2018;Persson et al. 2014;van der Sanden et al. 2018;Zhou et al. 2018)

(Driehuis et al. 2019a)