Fig. 1

Cardiac Functions and Scar Sizes Following Myocardial Infarction with ceAF Treatment in Mice. a-c Cardiac contractile function with ceAF treatment for 12 days after MI in mice. The experimental groups are: i.v. injection of 5% glucose (Ctrl), intragastric administration of LCZ696 at 60 mg/kg (LCZ696), i.v. injection of ceAF at 1.5 ml/kg (ceAF low), 5.0 ml/kg (ceAF middle), and 15.0 ml/kg (ceAF high). Data are mean ± SEM.; *p < 0.05 versus control by t-test; ^#p < 0.05 versus control by one-way ANOVA (Dunnett’s test); n = 5 for each group. d-g Further evaluation of ceAF treatment in mice with MI. Compared to i.v. injection of 5% glucose (Ctrl), ceAF (5.0 ml/kg) treatment improved LVEF (d) and LVFS (e) up to 3 weeks post ceAF treatment. h Representative echocardiographic images. i Masson’s trichrome staining of serial sections of hearts from MI mice 3 weeks post treatment. j Scar boundaries are indicated by arrows. Quantification of fibrotic area relative to myocardium in trichrome staining sections demonstrate a significant decrease in scar size in ceAF treated MI mice. Scale bar, 2 mm. Data are mean ± SEM. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01. (n = 6)