Fig. 3

Cardiac Functions and Infarct Sizes with ceAF Treatment in a Swine Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion. a Scheme for ceAF treatment on swine model of IR. b-j Cardiac functions of pigs with IR and ceAF treatment. LVEF (b), at baseline, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after MI. Change of LVEF (ΔLVEF) (c), LVFS (d), and change of LVFS (ΔLVFS) (e) from 0 week to 8 weeks after IR. g Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) viability staining of heart sections. h Quantification of infarct size as a percentage of the left ventricle. i, j Representative images showing Masson’s trichrome staining of transverse heart sections from ceAF-treated and control pig hearts 2 months after IR (i) with relative quantification of the area of fibrosis in the border zone (j). Quantification of fibrotic area was from at least four different regions around the center of infarction of each heart. k Representative images showing pulmonary edema in IR pigs with ceAF treatment for 8 weeks compared with control IR pigs treated with glucose solution. l Quantification of motion frequency of animals in ceAF- and control- treatment groups within the first week of IR. All data are presented as mean ± SEM, * p < 0.05, Student’s two-sided t-test, n = 4 for Ctrl, n = 5 for ceAF treatment