Fig. 4

Continuous IFN-β stimulation can enhance the inhibitory effects on hGCS growth, which differs from the effects on hNSCs. a Flow chart indicating the continuous stimulation timeline and imaging time points. The strategy of passage → stimulation → waiting → re-passage → stimulation → time point photography was adopted. b Representative hGCS images after continuous stimulation, re-passage, and stimulation, day 2. Three groups: control to control, IFN-β to control, and IFN-β to IFN-β (black frames indicate enlarged areas). c Representative hNSC pictures after continuous stimulation, re-passage, and stimulation, day 2. Three groups: control to control, IFN-β to control, and IFN-β to IFN-β (black frames indicate the enlarged area). d Representative hGCS images after continuous stimulation at re-passage, day 8. e Schematic diagram of hGCSs and hNSCs after re-passage and stimulation, day 2. f-g Quantitative analysis of hGCSs, including coverage rate (F) and single-clone area (G), of the surviving clones, as measured by ImageJ. Scale bar, 50 μm. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Student’s t-test. ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001