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Fig. 3 | Cell Regeneration

Fig. 3

From: Stepwise differentiation of functional pancreatic β cells from human pluripotent stem cells

Fig. 3

Efforts on the functional maturation of human PSC-derived pancreatic β cells. The pancreatic β cells derived from human PSCs showed limited functional maturity. The expression of genes related to insulin transcription and secretion enables immature β cells to respond to high glucose levels with an appropriate insulin release, showing static GSIS with limited function. Dynamic GSIS with first- and second-phase insulin secretion has been achieved by regulating TGF-β signal pathway, reaggregation and/or metabolic regulation, but the amount of insulin secreted in the second stage is still low. Metabolic maturation of β cells, together with the microenvironment and islet structure considerations contribute to the functional maturity of human PSC-derived pancreatic β cells. GSIS: glucose-stimulated insulin secretion

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