Table 2 Function assessment of human PSC-derived β cells in Table 1

(Rezania et al., 2014)

n.d

1.4–3.3 (CP)

No

1.25 × 10⁶ cells

 ~ 1.4 (CP)

(2 weeks)

Yes

(40 days)

(Pagliuca et al., 2014)

1.6 ± 0.2 μIU/10³ cells

2.2 ± 0.3 (INS)

No

5 × 10⁶ cells

1.7 ± 0.2 (INS)

(2 weeks)

Yes

(18 days)

(Russ et al., 2015)

2.5 ± 1.2 μg/ug DNA

1.8 ± 0.9 (CP)

No

1.15 × 10⁶ cells

 ~ 1.3 (INS)

(7 ~ 10 days)

Lack of complete diabetes reversal

(Millman et al., 2016)

(ND) 1.9 ± 0.3 μIU/10³ cells;

(T1D) 2.0 ± 0.4 μIU/10³ cells

(ND) 2.2 (INS);

(T1D) 1.9 (INS)

No

5 × 10⁶ cells

(ND) 1.5 ± 0.2 (INS)

(4 weeks);

(T1D) 1.4 ± 0.3 (INS)

(4 weeks)

Yes

(Not mentioned)

(Ghazizadeh et al., 2017)

n.d

 ~ 3 (CP)

No

2 × 10⁶ cells

 < 2 (INS)

(5 weeks)

n.d

(Velazco-Cruz et al., 2019)

5.3 ± 0.5 μIU/10³ cells

3.0 ± 0.1 (INS)

First phase Stimulation:

7.6 ± 1.3 (INS);

Second phase Stimulation:

2.1 ± 0.3 (INS)

5 × 10⁶ cells

 ~ 2 (INS)

(10 weeks)

Yes

(Not mentioned)

(Veres et al., 2019)

n.d

 ~ 3.4 (INS)

First phase Stimulation:

3.21 (INS);

Second phase Stimulation:

 ~ 1.5 (INS)

n.d

(Rosado-Olivieri et al., 2019)

n.d

 ~ 3 (INS)

No

5 × 10⁶ cells

 ~ 1.7 (INS)

(8 weeks)

n.d

(Nair et al., 2019)

n.d

First phase Stimulation:

 ~ 4 (CP);

Second phase Stimulation:

 ~ 1 (CP)

4 × 10⁶ cells

 ~ 5 (CP)

(8 months)

n.d

(Mahaddalkar et al., 2020)

n.d

 ~ 2.2 (INS)

First phase Stimulation:

 ~ 5 (INS);

Second phase Stimulation:

 ~ 1.15 (INS)

n.d

(Hogrebe et al., 2020)

n.d

First phase Stimulation:

9.43 (INS);

Second phase Stimulation:

1.88 (INS)

5 × 10⁶ cells

 ~ 3 (INS)

(2 weeks)

Yes

(2 weeks)

(Yoshihara et al., 2020)

n.d

 ~ 3.5 (CP)

No

n.d

n.d

Yes

(Not mentioned.)

(Liu et al., 2021)

 ~ 62 ng/10³ cells

 ~ 2.7 (CP)

No

n.d

n.d

Yes

(2 weeks)