Fig. 1

Dynamics of 3D chromatin organization during different cell fate transitions and diseases. A During early embryogenesis, compartments, TADs and chromatin loops are reestablished at species-specific stage; frequently interacting regions (FIREs) are identified as well, within which super-enhancers are enriched. B During cell differentiation, A-to-B compartment shift and interactions within B compartments increase; TAD number decreases and TAD size increases; tissue-specific E-P interactions are established consistent with cell-specific gene expression; increased centromere and telomere clusters (Rabl configuration) are formed. C During somatic cell reprogramming, the proportion of A compartments are slightly increased; TAD dynamics are opposed to that in cell differentiation; long-range pluripotency contacts and 3D enhancer hubs are formed. D During pathogenetic process, compartments undergo muti-directional and complex dynamics in different diseases; TAD boundary disruption are mainly caused by structural variations at boundary loci; loss of CTCF binding lead to loop disassembly; Lamin-associated domains are reorganized, such as abnormal reduction in HGPS fibroblast cells