From: Lung development and regeneration: newly defined cell types and progenitor status
Stem cell | Markers | Regenerative Ability | Resident Region | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Basal cells | TRP63, KRT5, NGFR | Basal cells are cable of populating proximal airway epithelium | Trachea and proximal airway in human, while trachea and main bronchi in mouse (Unlike in human, mouse small airways do not contain basal cells) | Hogan et al. 2014; Morrisey and Hogan 2010; Nikolić et al. 2018; Wu and Tang 2021; Zepp and Morrisey 2019 |
Club cells | SCGB1A1, SCGB3A2 | Club cells represent powerful stem cell ability within mouse lung after injury, though lack of basal cells | Mouse airways within lung (Whether club cells within human lung also have similar stem cells capability still need to be validated) | |
LNEPs | SOX2, TRP63 | LNEPs migrate from distal medium and small airways to the damaged alveolar region and form KRT5 pod, but lack of ability to generate alveolar cells | Alveoli | Kanegai et al. 2016; Kumar et al. 2011; Ray et al. 2016; Vaughan et al. 2015; Xi et al. 2017; Yang et al. 2018; Zuo et al. 2015 |
BASCs | SCGB1A1, SFTPC | BASCs can be stimulated at injured environments to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, including airway epithelial cells and alveolar cells | Broncho-alveolar junction (BADJ) | Kim et al. 2005; Lee et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2019; Salwig et al. 2019 |
RASCs | SCGB1A1 SCGB3A2 | RASCs can convert into AT2 cells and this process is disrupted in COPD patients | Respiratory airways | Basil et al. 2022 |
AT2 cells (AT2Axin2) | SFTPC, ABCA3 | A group of AT2 cells that respond to Wnt signaling can proliferate and differentiate into AT1 cells | Alveoli |