Skip to main content

Table 1 Human stem cell/organoid-derived models for nervous system tumors

From: Modeling nervous system tumors with human stem cells and organoids

Tumor Types

Model Types

Model Subtypes

Model Descriptions

References

Glioblastoma (GBM)

Cell-of-origin models

Stem cell model

p53KD IPSC line–p53KD NPC

p53KD NPC: Lentivirus expressing Ras/EGFR/Src

Sancho-Martinez et al. 2016

   

ESC: Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated homologous recombination (HR) to delete PTENΔ1–NSC

Duan et al. 2015

   

Hues8-iCas9 hPSCs– iCas9 hNSCs iCas9 NSC: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TP53/NF1/PTEN knockout

Wang et al. 2021

   

IPSC: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PTEN and NF1 knockout IPSC: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TP53 and PDGFRAΔ8–9 knockout

Koga et al. 2020

  

Organoid model

hESC—organoid, CRISPR/ Cas9 target an HRasG12V-IRES-tdTomato into the TP53 locus Organoid-derived tumor cell or primary patient-derived glioblastoma cell co-culture with organoid

Ogawa et al. 2018

   

Organoid: Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon-mediated gene insertion for oncogene-amplification and CRISPR/Cas9-based mutagenesis of tumor suppressor genes. The cancer drivers used include MYCOE, CDKN2A/CDKN2B/EGFROE/EGFRvIIIOE, NF1/PTEN/TP53, EGFRvIIIOE/ CDKN2A/PTEN

Bian et al. 2018

 

Tumor organoids

 

Patient-derived GBM cell lines–GBM organoid

Hubert et al. 2016

Jacob et al. 2020

Golebiewska et al. 2020

Shakya et al. 2021

   

Patient-derived GBM cell lines–GBM explant

LeBlanc et al. 2022

 

3D multicellular coculture model

 

IPSC/hESC–organoid Cancer cell co-cultured with organoid

Krieger et al. 2020

Choe et al. 2020

   

IPSC/hESC–organoid Cancer stem cell co-cultured with organoid

Goranci-Buzhala et al. 2020

Linkous et al. 2019

   

IPSC–organoid PTPRZ1-positive tumor cells co-cultured with organoid

Bhaduri et al. 2020

   

IPSC–neurons/glial cells/ astrocyte Cancer cells co-cultured with neurons/glial cells/ astrocyte

Plummer et al. 2019

   

Cancer stem cell co-cultured with 3D-bioprinted tumor microevironmental cells

Tang et al. 2020

Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3K27M-mutant (DMG) and H3G34R-mutant High-grade Glioma (HGG)

Cell-of-origin models

Stem cell model

IPSC—iNSC: CRISPR/cas9-mediated H3.3K27M point mutation + shTP53

Haag et al. 2021

   

hESC–NPC NPC: Lentivirus expressing PDGFRA/H3.3K27M/shTP53

Funato et al. 2014

   

Hindbrain NSC: piggyBac H3.3-K27M Forebrain NSC: piggyBac H3.3-G34R/PDGFRA and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TP53 knockout

Bressan et al. 2021

   

hESC: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TP53/ATRX knockout and Lentivirus expressing H3.3-G34R mutation—ventral forebrain NPC or ventral hindbrain NPC

Funato et al. 2021

Low-grade Glioma (LGG)

Cell-of-origin models

Stem cell model

hESC–NSC NSC: Lentivirus expressing R132H-IDH and shP53/shATRX

Modrek et al. 2017

 

Tumor organoids

 

Patient-derived lower-grade glioma cell lines–lower-grade glioma organoid

Abdullah et al. 2022

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)

Cell-of-origin models

Stem cell model

IPSC: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NF1 knockout–Neural crest–Schwann cell Patient-derived NF1-/- plexiform neurofibroma cells–NF1-/- IPSC-Neural crest–Schwann cell

Mazuelas et al. 2022

   

IPSC: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NF1 knockout–Schwannian lineage cells

Mo et al. 2021

Medulloblastoma

Cell-of-origin models

Stem cell model

IPSC–NES NES: transduction with MYCN Patients with Gorlin syndrome–IPSC–NES

Huang et al. 2019

   

IPSC–NPC NPC: lentivirus expressing MYC and DNp53

Xue et al. 2021

   

Embryonic hindbrain NES/IPSC–NSC NSC: lentivirus expressing MYCN

Čančer et al. 2019

   

NSC: lentiviral and retroviral vectors expressing MYC/DNp53/hTERT/AKT

Hanaford et al. 2016

   

Gorlin syndrome patient cell lines (SHH receptor PTCH1 mutation)–IPSC–iNES

Susanto et al. 2020

  

Organoid model

IPSC–cerebellar organoid (piggyBac expressing c-MYC/Otx2)

Ballabio et al. 2020

 

Tumor organoids

 

Patient-derived MB cells-MB organoid

Frisira et al. 2019;

Li et al. 2022

Atypical Teratoid/rhabdoid Tumor (AT/RT)

Cell-of-origin models

Stem cell model

IPSC: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated SMARCB1/TP53 knockout–NPC

Terada et al. 2019

Meningiomas

Tumor organoids

 

Patient-derived meningioma cell–meningioma organoid

Yamazaki et al. 2021