Fig. 3
From: Deciphering and reconstitution of positional information in the human brain development
The bioengineered strategies to produce morphogen concentration gradient in the brain organoid culture. A The robust protocol to generate 3D dorsal-patterned and ventral-patterned forebrain organoids by Sergiu Pasca (Birey et al. 2017). These formed organoids could be further assembled to generate a bigger forebrain organoid with separated dorsal ventral brain regions. B Construct a forebrain organoid. A doxycycline-inducible Shh human H9 cell line was generated and aggregated to form an organizer center for another organoid to provide an Shh concentration gradient. After doxycycline induction, a patterned forebrain organoid was generated, the organoid recapitulates the topography of the in vivo forebrain, and have formed the neocortical, lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE), medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), anterior hypothalamic and ventral-posterior hypothalamic at the appropriate position (Cederquist et al. 2019). C A scheme of the microfluidic system which can culture several organoids exposed to different concentrations of the Wnt signals