Table 2 Applications of piezoelectric stimulation
From: Stimulation strategies for electrical and magnetic modulation of cells and tissues
Application | Material | Results | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
Neural | PVDF-TrFE | The in vitro 3D neuron-glial interface was induced by mechanoelectrical stimulation, which resulted in enhanced interactions among cellular complements and improved neural connectivity and function. Differentiation toward neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes were observed following piezoelectric stimulation | Tai et al. 2021 |
Neural | PVDF-TrFE | The Nut-PNPs showed decreased viability of the cells in vitro with respect to controls | Pucci et al. 2022 |
Neural | AF and NP samples (annulus fibrosus & nucleus pulposus) | Longitudinal piezoelectricity on in vitro samples can induce voltages of 0.38 to 1.5 nV locally through IVD which can affect cell alignment | Poillot et al. 2020 |
Neural | PVDF/PCL hybrid | Following in vivo implantation on nervous tissue, 9.1% of PVDF/PCL scaffolds were degraded after 4Â months | Cheng et al. 2020 |
Bone | PVDF-PPy | PVDF-PPy promoted in vitro MSC osteogenic differentiation | Zhou et al. 2019 |
Bone | PVDF-CFO | in vitro MSC culture was viable on PVDF-CFO supports with increased proliferation | Guillot-Ferriols et al. 2020 |
Bone | PVDF | Human MSCs proliferated and exhibited in vitro osteogenic differentiation on electrosprayed PVDF | Sobreiro-Almeida et al. 2017 |
Bone | BaTiO3 upon Ti6Al4V | Bone formation was observed in the in vivo spinal model with increasing implantation time | |
Cartilage | PHBV | Poled in vitro samples and those with the electrical field applied have shown to have greater chondrocyte proliferation and cell activity | Jacob et al. 2019 |
Skeletal muscle | PVDF | With or without surface charge, PVDF film supports in vitro myogenic differentiation. Charged surfaces had higher maturation and fusion indexes than the controls showing that electric stimulation improves differentiation of muscle cells into myotubes | Ribeiro et al. 2018 |