Table 3 Applications of magnetic stimulation
From: Stimulation strategies for electrical and magnetic modulation of cells and tissues
Application | Material | Magnetic Nanoparticles | Results | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Neural | Collagen (type-I, rat tail extract) hydrogel | magnetic nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide (GO, Fe3O4) | Hydrogel-encapsulating SH-SY5Y showed cell differentiation and extensive neurite growth | Santhosh et al. 2019 |
Neural | Plain collagen scaffolds, collagen Mimetic Peptides | Gold magnetic nanoparticles | Magnetic field treatment significantly increased PC12 neurite length and alignment | Sirkkunan et al. 2021 |
Neural | Pre-formed collagen hydrogels | Fe3O4 | Magnetic field safely enhanced MNP-mediated gene delivery to NSCs grown on collagen gels | Adam et al. 2016 |
Neural | PLLA | Fe3O4 | Magnetically responsive aligned poly-l-lactic acid electrospun scaffolds increased DRG neurite length and alignment | Johnson et al. 2019 |
Neural | magneto-responsive PLGA | Fe3O4 | The in vitro study showed unidirectional DRG growth along the fiber orientation | Omidinia-Anarkoli et al. 2017 |
Neural | Alginate-magnetic short nanofibers 3D composite hydrogels | Fe3O4 | The hydrogel induced differentiation of OE-MSCs into neuron- and glial-like cells | Karimi et al. 2021 |
Neural | Silk Fibroin/Gelatin (SG) Hydrogels | Fe3O4-graphene | Electrical pulses significantly increased PC12 neurite elongation | Lin et al. 2020 |
Neural | S.platensis, BaTiO3 nanoparticles | Fe3O4 | PC12 showed increased neurite outgrowth length using the micromotor under ultrasound exposure within 3 days | |
Neural | S.platensis, BaTiO3 nanoparticles | Fe3O4 | In vitro differentiation of astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes could be controlled with ultrasound frequencies | |
Neural | amphiphilic polysaccharide nanogels containing cholesterol-bearing pullulan | Fe3O4 | Differentiation of ADSCs to neuron-like cells occurred within a week by magnetic induction of exosomes | Mizuta et al. 2019 |
Neural | Fe3O4 | Higher rate of neurosphere formation was observed under magnetic field | Li et al. 2021 | |
Neural | Nerve growth factor | Fe3O4 | PC12 demonstrated neurite outgrowth. The in vivo study showed that magnetic nanoparticles could be localized along the magnetic path in tissues without adverse effects | Marcus et al. 2018 |
Neural | hyaluronic acid/collagen (HA/Col), TiO2, tetrabutyl titanate | Fe3O4@BaTiO3 | After 30 days of implantation, axonal regeneration was observed under magnetoelectric treatment in rats with hemi-transected spinal cord injury | Zhang et al. 2021 |
Neural | glycidyl methacrylate- HA hydrogel | Fe3O4 | Regenerated axons were detected in rats with transected sciatic nerves after 4 weeks | Lacko et al. 2020 |
Neural | gelatin-genipin hydrogel | Fe3O4 | Magnetic stimulation demonstrated improved locomotor recovery in rat contusive spinal cord injury by increasing level of neurotrophins, decreasing inhibitory molecule concentration, and reducing microglia activity and glial scarring | Bhattacharyya et al. 2021 |
Bone | type II collagen, HA, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) hybrid hydrogel | Fe3O4 | Magnetic nanoparticles responded to external magnetic stimulation and cell adhesion was not negatively affected | Zhang et al. 2015 |
Cartilage | hyaluronic acid–polyacrylic acid hydrogel | Fe3O4 | The hydrogel provided a protective environment for chondrocyte migration and enhanced the recovery of damaged cartilage to achieve a new smooth surface in rabbits after 8 weeks | Chiang et al. 2021 |
Cartilage | Gelatin, β-cyclodextrin hydrogel | Fe3O4 | More than 80% of the cartilage defects were filled at 8 weeks, and defects were completely repaired by 12 weeks | Huang et al. 2019 |
Skeletal muscle | Chlorella pyrenoidosa | Fe3O4 | The CP@Fe3O4 microswimmer induced significant contraction of targeted C2C12 myotubes as well as in exposed muscles |