Table 1 Studies on anti-fibrosis treatment related to ECM-degrading cells
From: Cell mediated ECM-degradation as an emerging tool for anti-fibrotic strategy
Cell | Treatment | Mechanism | Application | Dose | Animal model | Injection method | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells | Treatment with PMA and accutase | Increased expression of MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, etc | Advanced liver fibrosis | 4 × 105 | 6-week-old nude mice, CCl4 induced liver fibrosis | Intrasplenic injection | Zhao et al. 2022 |
MSCs | Treatment with TNF-α | Increased expression of Mmp13 | Pulmonary fibrosis | 1 × 105 | 8 to 12-week-old C57BL/6 J mice, bleomycin-induced lung injury | Intratracheal injection | Wong et al. 2022 |
Bone MSCs | Overexpression of Smad7 | Increased expression of MMP1 | Liver cirrhosis | (3~5) × 106 | 6-week-old Wistar rats, CCl4 induced liver fibrosis | Intrahepatic injection | Su et al. 2020 |
Clonal mesenchymal stem cells | - | Increased expression of MMP2 and MMP9 | Liver fibrosis | 3 × 107 | 6-week-old Wistar rats, CCl4 induced liver fibrosis | Intrasplenic injection | Hardjo et al. 2009 |
MSCs | Combination therapy with serelaxin | Increased expression of MMP2 in kidney | Renal fibrosis | 1 × 106 | Male C57BL/6 J mice, unilateral ureteral obstruction induced renal fibrosis | Renal vein injection | Huuskes et al. 2015 |
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells | - | Increased expression of MMP13 in M2 macrophage | Liver fibrosis | 5 × 105 | 10-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice, CCl4 induced liver fibrosis | Tail vein injection | Luo et al. 2019 |
Human amnion epithelial cells | - | Downregulation of TIMP1, 2, 3, 4 in lung | Pulmonary fibrosis | 1 × 106 | 8-week-old SCID mice, bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis | Tail vein injection | Moodley et al. 2010 |
Adipose-derived stem cells |  | Increased expression of MMP9 in liver | Liver fibrosis | 1 × 106 | 8-week-old male Wistar rats, TAA induced liver fibrosis | Intrahepatic injection | Harn et al. 2012 |
Kupffer cells | - | Increased expression of MMP9 | Liver fibrosis | 2 × 106 | C57BL/6 mice, TAA induced liver fibrosis | Intravenous injection | Feng et al. 2018 |
MSCs | Overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) | Increased expression of MMP9, 13, 14 and uPA, decreased expression of TIMP1 in liver | Liver fibrosis | 1 × 107 | 5-week-old Sprague–Dawley (SD) male rats, DMN induced liver fibrosis | Intrasplenic injection | Kim et al. 2014 |
Bone marrow-derived liver stem cells | Overexpression of uPA | Activation of pro-MMP3 by uPA, which activates MMP2 and MMP9, then degrading collagen | Liver fibrosis | 2 × 106 | Female F344 rats, CCl4 induced liver fibrosis | Tail vein injection | Sun et al. 2008 |
Bone marrow-derived MSCs | Treatment with IC-2 | Increased expression of MMP1, MMP2, and MMP14 | Liver fibrosis | - | 7–9-week-old BALB/c-nu/nu male mice, CCl4 induced liver fibrosis | Intrahepatic transplantation | Itaba et al. 2019 |
Bone marrow‑derived MSCs | Transfection with survivin | Increased expression of MMP9 in lung | Pulmonary fibrosis | 1 × 106 | 6–8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice, bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis | Caudal vein injection | Zhou et al. 2015 |
Induced pluripotent stem cells | - | Inhibition of imbalance in the expression ratios of MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 | Pulmonary fibrosis | 2 × 106 | C57BL/6 male mice, bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis | Intravenous injection | Zhou et al. 2016 |
Bone marrow MSCs | - | Increased expression of MMPs | Liver fibrosis | 1 × 106 | Adult male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, CCl4 induced liver fibrosis | Portal vein injection | Zhao et al. 2012 |
Endometrial regenerative cells | - | Increased expression of MMP9 | Pulmonary fibrosis | 1 × 106 | 6–8-week-old C57BL/6 female mice, bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis | Tail vein injection | Zhao et al. 2018 |
Bone-marrow-derived macrophages | Treatment with lipopolysaccharide (M1-polarized) | Increased expression of MMP2, 9, and 13 in recruited Ly6Clo macrophages | Liver fibrosis | 1 × 106 | 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice, CCl4 induced liver fibrosis | Tail vein injection | Ma et al. 2017 |
Bone marrow cells | - | Increased expression of MMP13 and MMP9 in some of bone marrow-derived cells and liver resident cells | Liver fibrosis | 5 × 106 | 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice, CCl4 induced liver fibrosis | Intravenous injection | Higashiyama et al. 2007 |
Bone marrow-derived MSCs | - | Increased expression of MMP2 in liver | Liver fibrosis | 3 × 106 | Male Wistar rats, BDL induced liver fibrosis | Tail vein injection | Mohamed et al. 2016 |
Chorionic plate-derived MSCs | - | Increased expression of MMP9 in liver | Liver fibrosis | 2 × 106 | 6-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats, CCl4 induced liver fibrosis | Intrahepatic transplantation | Lee et al. 2010 |
Adipose-derived MSCs | - | Enhanced ratio of Mmp1/Timp1 in skin and lung tissues | Systemic sclerosis | 2.5 × 105 | C57BL/6 mice, hypochlorite (HOCl) induced systemic sclerosis | Tail vein injection | Maria et al. 2016 |
Bone marrow-derived MSCs | - | Enhanced ratio of MMP/TIMP production by cardiac fibroblasts | Cardiac ventricular fibrosis | 3 × 106 | Lewis congenic rats, interventricular artery ligation induced myocardial infarction | Intramyocardial injection | Mias et al. 2009 |