Fig. 4

Synergistic ice inhibition for cryopreservation. A-B Cryopreservation of pancreatic islet β cells. A The schematic illustration of encapsulation and alginate delivery. B Blood glucose changes after transplantation. (A-B) Reproduced with permission (Cheng et al. 2019). Copyright 2019, Wiley–VCH. C-D Synergistic ice inhibition improves cell survival. C Schematic illustrations of synergetic ice inhibition mechanisms. D Different cell viability. (C-D) Reproduced with permission (Chang et al. 2021). Copyright 2021, Wiley–VCH. E–F MSCs freezing strategy. E The schematic illustration of freezing and rewarming process. F The effect of different physical fields. (E–F) Reproduced with permission (Cao et al. 2019). Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. G-H Vitrification cryopreservation of mouse preantral follicles. G Schematic diagram of follicle cryopreservation. H Embryo development rate. G-H Reproduced with permission (Tian et al. 2022). Copyright 2022, Springer Nature